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authorAdrian Kummerlaender2019-01-31 14:18:05 +0100
committerAdrian Kummerlaender2019-01-31 14:18:29 +0100
commit09f06229c7c1143b1a348d4e3d165344dcb0b905 (patch)
treed7f341737391ec5a7b3cf573c40864840825f6ef
parentf7212dbbcd7c8c6359b50b7265d37a5d6d73285b (diff)
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Add cylinder2d outflow refinement plot
-rw-r--r--content.tex18
-rw-r--r--img/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s.gnuplot13
-rw-r--r--img/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_knudsen.gnuplot14
-rw-r--r--img/data/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_0.csv452
-rw-r--r--img/data/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_1.csv2243
-rw-r--r--img/static/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s.pdfbin0 -> 92972 bytes
-rw-r--r--img/static/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_knudsen.pdfbin0 -> 60467 bytes
-rw-r--r--img/static/cylinder2d_optimized_low_resolution_grid_60s.pdfbin0 -> 154487 bytes
-rw-r--r--img/static/cylinder2d_optimized_low_resolution_grid_60s_knudsen.pdfbin0 -> 75365 bytes
-rw-r--r--img/static/cylinder2d_optimized_low_resolution_grid_n5_knudsen.pdfbin0 -> 65754 bytes
-rw-r--r--img/tmp/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s.pngbin0 -> 32873 bytes
-rw-r--r--img/tmp/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_knudsen.pngbin0 -> 16849 bytes
-rw-r--r--img/tmp/cylinder2d_optimized_low_resolution_grid_60s.pngbin0 -> 75561 bytes
-rw-r--r--img/tmp/cylinder2d_optimized_low_resolution_grid_60s_knudsen.pngbin0 -> 30390 bytes
-rw-r--r--img/tmp/cylinder2d_optimized_low_resolution_grid_n5_knudsen.pngbin0 -> 33675 bytes
15 files changed, 2734 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/content.tex b/content.tex
index bf7c9a3..4f298a0 100644
--- a/content.tex
+++ b/content.tex
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ So trifft es sich, dass der Wunsch nach theoretischer Lösung komplexer und nur
Während Finite Elemente Methoden den wohl verbreitetsten Ansatz zur numerischen Strömungsdynamik bilden, erfreut sich auch die Herangehensweise der Lattice Boltzmann Methoden in den letzten Jahrzehnten wachsender Nutzbarkeit und Verbreitung. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Lösungsmethoden werden hier die strömungsbeschreibenden Navier-Stokes Gleichungen nicht direkt numerisch gelöst. Lösungen ergeben sich vielmehr aus der Simulation des Fluidverhaltens auf \emph{mesoskopischer} Ebene -- d.h. aus der Betrachtung nicht aus Sicht der Kollision einzelner Fluidpartikel und nicht aus Sicht der analytischen Strömungsbeschreibung, sondern aus Sicht der Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass sich das Fluid zu bestimmter Zeit an einem bestimmten Ort mit bestimmter Geschwindigkeit bewegt.
\bigskip
-Ein Vorteil dieses, auf den Arbeiten von Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann im Bereich der statistischen Physik aufbauenden, Ansatzes ist seine Eignung für komplexe Geometrien mit verschiedensten Randbedingungen. Weiterhin gewinnt in den letzten Jahren auch die sehr gute Parallelisierbarkeit von Lattice Boltzmann Methoden in Hinblick auf einen technischen Fortschritt an Anziehungskraft, nach welchem die Leistungsfähigkeit von Großrechnern eher aus deren Parallelität als aus individueller Prozessorleistung erwächst.
+Ein Vorteil dieses, auf den Arbeiten von Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann im Bereich der statistischen Physik aufbauenden, Ansatzes, ist seine Eignung für komplexe Geometrien mit verschiedensten Randbedingungen. Weiterhin gewinnt in den letzten Jahren auch die sehr gute Parallelisierbarkeit von Lattice Boltzmann Methoden in Hinblick auf einen technischen Fortschritt an Anziehungskraft, nach welchem die Leistungsfähigkeit von Großrechnern eher aus deren Parallelität als aus individueller Prozessorleistung erwächst.
\subsection{Warum Gitterverfeinerung?}
@@ -1013,16 +1013,22 @@ Insgesamt war unter dieser formaleren Analyse unsere intuitive Wahl des in Abbil
\caption{Verbesserte Verfeinerungsstruktur um den Zylinder}
\end{figure}
+Typischerweise sind LBM-Simulationen des umströmten Zylinders für wirbelbildende Reynolds-Zahlen bei kleineren Auflösungen empfindlich gegenüber Divergenz im Ausflussbereich. So divergiert ein uniform mit \(N=5\) aufgelöstes Gitter mit den verwendeten Parametern und Randbedingungen schon nach wenigen Schritten. Es wäre vorteilhaft, wenn sich dieses Problem unter Einsatz möglichst weniger zusätzlicher Gitterknoten beheben ließe -- etwa durch Verfeinerung des Ausflussbereiches. Und tatsächlich genügt schon die Verfeinerung eines schmalen Stücks des Ausgangsbereiches zur Stabilisierung der Simulation bei dieser niedrigen Auflösung. In Abbildung~\ref{fig:CylinderOptimizedGridN5} sehen wir den Geschwindigkeitsplot eines solchen Gitters.
+
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{adjustbox}{center}
-\includegraphics[width=1.2\textwidth]{img/static/cylinder2d_optimized_low_resolution_grid_60s.pdf}
-\end{adjustbox}
-\begin{adjustbox}{center}
-\includegraphics[width=1.2\textwidth]{img/static/cylinder2d_optimized_low_resolution_grid_60s_knudsen.pdf}
+\includegraphics[width=1.2\textwidth]{img/static/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s.pdf}
\end{adjustbox}
-\caption{Analyse eines informiert verfeinerten Gitters mit \(N=5\) zu \(t=60s\)}
+\caption{Stabile Zylinderumströmung mit \(N=5\) durch Ausgangsverfeinerung}
+\label{fig:CylinderOptimizedGridN5}
\end{figure}
+Dieses Beispiel gewinnt insbesondere an Eindruck, wenn wir die Gesamtanzahl der Gitterzellen mit den für ein stabiles uniformes Gitter benötigten Zellen vergleichen: Während das im Ausgang verfeinerte Gitter nur 2693 aktive Zellen beinhaltet, benötigt ein stabiles uniformes Gitter eine Auflösung von \(N=9\), was 7326 Zellen entspricht. Interessieren wir uns an dieser Stelle also nur für ein subjektiv korrektes und nicht-divergentes Strömungsbild, so ermöglicht uns Gitterverfeinerung ein Auskommen mit nur knapp einem Drittel der für ein unverfeinertes Gitter benötigten Zellen.
+
+\bigskip
+
+Auf diese Weise illustriert sich hier auch ein bisher nur in der Einführung erwähnter Vorteil von Gitterverfeinerung: Selbst wenn ein Verfeinerungsverfahren bezogen auf den Fehler im Vergleich mit analytischen Lösungen keine Verbesserungen oder sogar leichte Einbußen produziert, kann es doch potenziell eingesetzt werden, um Probleme zu behandeln, welche anderweitig nicht oder nur mit deutlich höherem Speicher- und Rechenaufwand zugänglich wären.
+
\subsubsection{Vergleich von Widerstands- und Auftriebskräften}
\newpage
diff --git a/img/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s.gnuplot b/img/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s.gnuplot
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42ec009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s.gnuplot
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+plotname = "cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s"
+
+load 'common/velocity_fluid.gnuplot'
+
+plot 'data/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_1.csv' using ($6+0.05):($7+0.05):(sqrt($2*$2+$3*$3)) palette pt 5 ps 5.3 notitle,\
+ 'data/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_0.csv' using 6:($7+0.05):(sqrt($2*$2+$3*$3)) palette pt 5 ps 2.6 notitle\
+
+load 'common/velocity_wrapper.gnuplot'
+
+set obj 3 rect from 20.95,0 to 22,4.1
+set obj 3 fillstyle empty border -1 front lw 1
+
+load 'common/include_fluid.gnuplot'
diff --git a/img/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_knudsen.gnuplot b/img/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_knudsen.gnuplot
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca0d5e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_knudsen.gnuplot
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+plotname = "cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_knudsen"
+knudsen = 0.000866025
+
+load 'common/knudsen_fluid.gnuplot'
+
+plot 'data/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_1.csv' using ($6+0.05):($7+0.05):(log($5/knudsen)/log(2)) palette pt 5 ps 5.3 notitle,\
+ 'data/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_0.csv' using 6:($7+0.05):(log($5/knudsen)/log(2)) palette pt 5 ps 2.6 notitle\
+
+load 'common/knudsen_wrapper.gnuplot'
+
+set obj 3 rect from 20.95,0 to 22,4.1
+set obj 3 fillstyle empty border -1 front lw 1
+
+load 'common/include_fluid.gnuplot'
diff --git a/img/data/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_0.csv b/img/data/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_0.csv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bd6bf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img/data/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_0.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+geometry,ux,uy,p,knudsen,x,y
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diff --git a/img/data/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_1.csv b/img/data/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_1.csv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..695682f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/img/data/cylinder2d_low_resolution_outflow_refine_60s_1.csv
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