Initialize at openlb-1-3

9 files changed, 1263 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/bifurcation3d.stl b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/bifurcation3d.stl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..929e3a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/bifurcation3d.stl
diff --git a/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerEuler/Makefile b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerEuler/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a953954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerEuler/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#  This file is part of the OpenLB library
+#
+#  Copyright (C) 2007 Mathias Krause
+#  E-mail contact: info@openlb.net
+#  The most recent release of OpenLB can be downloaded at
+#  <http://www.openlb.net/>
+#
+#  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+#  modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+#  of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+#  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+#  GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+#  License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
+#  Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+#  Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+
+###########################################################################
+## definitions
+
+include definitions.mk
+
+include $(ROOT)/global.mk
+
+OBJECTS    := $(foreach file, $(SRC), $(PWD)/$(file:.cpp=.o))
+DEPS       := $(foreach file, $(SRC), $(PWD)/$(file:.cpp=.d))
+
+###########################################################################
+## all
+
+all : depend compile link
+
+
+###########################################################################
+## dependencies
+
+depend : $(DEPS)
+
+$(PWD)/%.d : %.cpp
+	@echo Create dependencies for $<
+	@$(SHELL) -ec '$(CXX) -M $(CXXFLAGS) $(IDIR) $< \
+                       | sed -e "s!$*\.o!$(PWD)\/$*\.o!1" > .tmpfile; \
+                       cp -f .tmpfile $@;'
+
+###########################################################################
+## compile
+
+compile : $(OBJECTS)
+
+$(PWD)/%.o: %.cpp
+	@echo Compile $<
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(IDIR) -c $< -o $@
+
+###########################################################################
+## clean
+
+clean : cleanrub cleanobj cleandep
+
+cleanrub:
+	@echo Clean rubbish files
+	@rm -f *~ core .tmpfile tmp/*.* $(OUTPUT)
+	@rm -f tmp/vtkData/*.* tmp/vtkData/data/*.* tmp/imageData/*.* tmp/gnuplotData/*.* tmp/gnuplotData/data/*.*
+
+cleanobj:
+	@echo Clean object files
+	@rm -f $(OBJECTS)
+
+cleandep:
+	@echo Clean dependencies files
+	@rm -f $(DEPS)
+
+cleanbuild:
+	@cd $(ROOT); \
+	 $(MAKE) cleanlib;
+
+###########################################################################
+## update lib
+
+$(ROOT)/$(LIBDIR)/lib$(LIB).a :
+	@cd $(ROOT); \
+	$(MAKE) all
+
+###########################################################################
+## link
+
+link: $(OUTPUT)
+
+$(OUTPUT): $(OBJECTS) $(ROOT)/$(LIBDIR)/lib$(LIB).a
+	@echo Link $@
+	$(CXX) $(foreach file, $(SRC), $(file:.cpp=.o)) $(LDFLAGS) -L$(ROOT)/$(LIBDIR) -l$(LIB) -lz -o $@
+
+###########################################################################
+## include dependencies
+
+ifneq "$(strip $(wildcard *.d))" ""
+   include $(foreach file,$(DEPS),$(file))
+endif
+
+###########################################################################
+###########################################################################
diff --git a/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerEuler/bifurcation3d.cpp b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerEuler/bifurcation3d.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69ac959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerEuler/bifurcation3d.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+/*  Lattice Boltzmann sample, written in C++, using the OpenLB
+ *  library
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2011-2016 Robin Trunk, Mathias J. Krause
+ *  E-mail contact: info@openlb.net
+ *  The most recent release of OpenLB can be downloaded at
+ *  <http://www.openlb.net/>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ *  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ *  of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+ *  License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
+ *  Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+ *  Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+
+/* bifurcation3d.cpp:
+ * This example examines a steady particulate flow past a bifurcation. At the inlet,
+ * an inflow condition with grad_n u = 0 and rho = 1 is implemented.
+ * At both outlets, a Poiseuille profile is imposed on the velocity.
+ * After a start time, particles are put into the bifurcation by imposing
+ * a inflow condition with rho = 1 on the second euler phase at the inlet.
+ * The particles are simulated as a continuum with a advection-diffusion equation
+ * and experience a stokes drag force.
+ *
+ * A publication using the same geometry can be found here:
+ * http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-36961-2_5
+ *  *
+ */
+
+#include "olb3D.h"
+#include "olb3D.hh"   // use only generic version!
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace olb;
+using namespace olb::descriptors;
+using namespace olb::graphics;
+using namespace olb::util;
+
+typedef double T;
+#define NSDESCRIPTOR D3Q19<>
+#define ADDESCRIPTOR D3Q7<VELOCITY,VELOCITY2>
+
+const T Re = 50;               // Reynolds number
+const int N = 19;              // resolution of the model
+const int iTperiod = 100;      // amount of timesteps when new boundary conditions are reset and results are visualized
+const T diffusion = 1.e-6;     // diffusion coefficient for advection-diffusion equation
+const T radius = 1.5e-04;      // particles radius
+const T partRho = 998.2;       // particles density
+const T maxPhysT = 10.;        // max. simulation time in s, SI unit
+
+// center of inflow and outflow regions [m]
+Vector<T,3> inletCenter( T(), T(), 0.0786395 );
+Vector<T,3> outletCenter0( -0.0235929682287551, -0.000052820468762797, -0.021445708949909 );
+Vector<T,3> outletCenter1( 0.0233643529416147, 0.00000212439067050152, -0.0211994104877918 );
+
+// radii of inflow and outflow regions [m]
+T inletRadius = 0.00999839;
+T outletRadius0 = 0.007927;
+T outletRadius1 = 0.00787134;
+
+// normals of inflow and outflow regions
+Vector<T,3> inletNormal( T(), T(), T( -1 ) );
+Vector<T,3> outletNormal0( 0.505126, -0.04177, 0.862034 );
+Vector<T,3> outletNormal1( -0.483331, -0.0102764, 0.875377 );
+
+void prepareGeometry( UnitConverter<T,NSDESCRIPTOR> const& converter,
+                      IndicatorF3D<T>& indicator, STLreader<T>& stlReader,
+                      SuperGeometry3D<T>& superGeometry )
+{
+
+  OstreamManager clout( std::cout, "prepareGeometry" );
+
+  clout << "Prepare Geometry ..." << std::endl;
+
+  superGeometry.rename( 0, 2, indicator );
+  superGeometry.rename( 2, 1, stlReader );
+
+  superGeometry.clean();
+
+  // rename the material at the inlet
+  IndicatorCircle3D<T> inletCircle( inletCenter, inletNormal, inletRadius );
+  IndicatorCylinder3D<T> inlet( inletCircle, 2 * converter.getConversionFactorLength() );
+  superGeometry.rename( 2, 3, 1, inlet );
+
+  // rename the material at the outlet0
+  IndicatorCircle3D<T> outletCircle0( outletCenter0, outletNormal0, 0.95*outletRadius0 );
+  IndicatorCylinder3D<T> outlet0( outletCircle0, 4 * converter.getConversionFactorLength() );
+  superGeometry.rename( 2, 4, outlet0 );
+
+  // rename the material at the outlet1
+  IndicatorCircle3D<T> outletCircle1( outletCenter1, outletNormal1, 0.95*outletRadius1 );
+  IndicatorCylinder3D<T> outlet1( outletCircle1, 4 * converter.getConversionFactorLength() );
+  superGeometry.rename( 2, 5, outlet1 );
+
+  superGeometry.clean();
+  superGeometry.innerClean( true );
+  superGeometry.checkForErrors();
+
+  superGeometry.print();
+
+  clout << "Prepare Geometry ... OK" << std::endl;
+  return;
+}
+
+void prepareLattice( SuperLattice3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR>& sLatticeNS,
+                     SuperLattice3D<T, ADDESCRIPTOR>& sLatticeAD,
+                     UnitConverter<T,NSDESCRIPTOR> const& converter,
+                     Dynamics<T, NSDESCRIPTOR>& bulkDynamics,
+                     Dynamics<T, ADDESCRIPTOR>& bulkDynamicsAD,
+                     sOnLatticeBoundaryCondition3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR>& bc,
+                     sOnLatticeBoundaryCondition3D<T, ADDESCRIPTOR>& bcAD,
+                     SuperGeometry3D<T>& superGeometry,
+                     T omegaAD )
+{
+
+  OstreamManager clout( std::cout, "prepareLattice" );
+  clout << "Prepare Lattice ..." << std::endl;
+
+  const T omega = converter.getLatticeRelaxationFrequency();
+
+  // Material=0 --> do nothing
+  sLatticeNS.defineDynamics( superGeometry, 0, &instances::getNoDynamics<T, NSDESCRIPTOR>() );
+  sLatticeAD.defineDynamics( superGeometry, 0, &instances::getNoDynamics<T, ADDESCRIPTOR>() );
+
+  // Material=1 --> bulk dynamics
+  // Material=3 --> bulk dynamics (inflow)
+  auto inflowIndicator = superGeometry.getMaterialIndicator({1, 3});
+  sLatticeNS.defineDynamics( inflowIndicator, &bulkDynamics );
+  sLatticeAD.defineDynamics( inflowIndicator, &bulkDynamicsAD );
+
+  // Material=2 --> bounce-back /
+  sLatticeNS.defineDynamics( superGeometry, 2, &instances::getBounceBack<T, NSDESCRIPTOR>() );
+  sLatticeAD.defineDynamics( superGeometry, 2, &instances::getZeroDistributionDynamics<T, ADDESCRIPTOR>() );
+
+  // Material=4,5 -->bulk dynamics / do-nothing (outflow)
+  auto outflowIndicator = superGeometry.getMaterialIndicator({4, 5});
+  sLatticeNS.defineDynamics( outflowIndicator, &bulkDynamics );
+  sLatticeAD.defineDynamics( outflowIndicator, &instances::getNoDynamics<T, ADDESCRIPTOR>() );
+
+  // Setting of the boundary conditions
+  bc.addPressureBoundary( superGeometry, 3, omega );
+  bc.addVelocityBoundary( outflowIndicator, omega );
+  bcAD.addZeroDistributionBoundary( superGeometry, 2 );
+  bcAD.addTemperatureBoundary( superGeometry, 3, omegaAD );
+  bcAD.addConvectionBoundary( outflowIndicator );
+  bcAD.addExtFieldBoundary( superGeometry.getMaterialIndicator({2, 3, 4, 5}), ADDESCRIPTOR::index<descriptors::VELOCITY>() );
+
+  // Initial conditions
+  AnalyticalConst3D<T,T> rho1( 1. );
+  AnalyticalConst3D<T,T> rho0( 1.e-8 );
+  std::vector<T> velocity( 3,T() );
+  AnalyticalConst3D<T,T> u0( velocity );
+
+  // Initialize all values of distribution functions to their local equilibrium
+  sLatticeNS.defineRhoU( superGeometry.getMaterialIndicator({1, 2, 3, 4, 5}), rho1, u0 );
+  sLatticeNS.iniEquilibrium( superGeometry.getMaterialIndicator({1, 2, 3, 4, 5}), rho1, u0 );
+  sLatticeAD.defineRho( superGeometry, 3, rho1 );
+  sLatticeAD.iniEquilibrium( superGeometry.getMaterialIndicator({1, 2, 4, 5}), rho0, u0 );
+
+  // Lattice initialize
+  sLatticeNS.initialize();
+  sLatticeAD.initialize();
+
+  clout << "Prepare Lattice ... OK" << std::endl;
+  return;
+}
+
+void setBoundaryValues( SuperLattice3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR>& sLatticeNS,
+                        UnitConverter<T,NSDESCRIPTOR> const& converter, int iT,
+                        T maxPhysT, SuperGeometry3D<T>& superGeometry )
+{
+
+  OstreamManager clout( std::cout, "setBoundaryValues" );
+
+  // No of time steps for smooth start-up
+  int iTmaxStart = converter.getLatticeTime( 0.8*maxPhysT );
+  // Set inflow velocity
+  T maxVelocity = converter.getCharLatticeVelocity() * 3. / 4. * std::pow(
+      inletRadius, 2 ) / std::pow( outletRadius0, 2 );
+  if ( iT % iTperiod == 0 ) {
+    if ( iT <= iTmaxStart ) {
+      SinusStartScale<T, int> startScale( iTmaxStart, T( 1 ) );
+      int iTvec[1] = { iT };
+      T frac[1] = { T( 0 ) };
+      startScale( frac, iTvec );
+      maxVelocity *= frac[0];
+    }
+
+    CirclePoiseuille3D<T> poiseuilleU4( outletCenter0[0], outletCenter0[1],
+                                        outletCenter0[2], outletNormal0[0],
+                                        outletNormal0[1], outletNormal0[2],
+                                        outletRadius0 * 0.95, -maxVelocity );
+
+    CirclePoiseuille3D<T> poiseuilleU5( outletCenter1[0], outletCenter1[1],
+                                        outletCenter1[2], outletNormal1[0],
+                                        outletNormal1[1], outletNormal1[2],
+                                        outletRadius1 * 0.95, -maxVelocity );
+
+    sLatticeNS.defineU( superGeometry, 4, poiseuilleU4 );
+    sLatticeNS.defineU( superGeometry, 5, poiseuilleU5 );
+  }
+}
+
+void getResults( SuperLattice3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR>& sLatticeNS,
+                 SuperLattice3D<T, ADDESCRIPTOR>& sLatticeAD,
+                 UnitConverter<T,NSDESCRIPTOR> const& converter, int iT,
+                 SuperGeometry3D<T>& superGeometry,
+                 Timer<double>& timer )
+{
+
+  OstreamManager clout( std::cout, "getResults" );
+  SuperVTMwriter3D<T> vtmWriter( "bifurcation3d_fluid" );
+  SuperVTMwriter3D<T> vtmWriterAD( "bifurcation3d_particle" );
+  SuperLatticePhysVelocity3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR> velocity( sLatticeNS, converter );
+  SuperLatticeVelocity3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR> latticeVelocity( sLatticeNS);
+
+  SuperLatticePhysPressure3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR> pressure( sLatticeNS, converter );
+  SuperLatticeDensity3D<T, ADDESCRIPTOR> particles( sLatticeAD );
+  SuperLatticePhysExternal3D<T, ADDESCRIPTOR> extField(sLatticeAD,
+      converter.getConversionFactorVelocity(),
+      ADDESCRIPTOR::index<descriptors::VELOCITY>(),
+      ADDESCRIPTOR::size<descriptors::VELOCITY>());
+
+  vtmWriter.addFunctor( velocity );
+  vtmWriter.addFunctor( pressure );
+  vtmWriterAD.addFunctor( particles );
+  vtmWriterAD.addFunctor( extField );
+
+  if ( iT == 0 ) {
+    SuperLatticeGeometry3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR> geometry( sLatticeNS, superGeometry );
+    SuperLatticeCuboid3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR> cuboid( sLatticeNS );
+    SuperLatticeRank3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR> rank( sLatticeNS );
+    vtmWriter.write( geometry );
+    vtmWriter.write( cuboid );
+    vtmWriter.write( rank );
+    vtmWriter.createMasterFile();
+    vtmWriterAD.createMasterFile();
+
+    // Print some output of the chosen simulation setup
+    clout << "N=" << N << "; maxTimeSteps=" << converter.getLatticeTime( maxPhysT )
+          << "; noOfCuboid=" << superGeometry.getCuboidGeometry().getNc() << "; Re=" << Re
+          << "; St=" << ( 2.*partRho*radius*radius*converter.getCharPhysVelocity() ) / ( 9.*converter.getPhysViscosity()*converter.getPhysDensity()*converter.getCharPhysLength() )
+          << std::endl;
+  }
+
+  if ( iT % iTperiod == 0 ) {
+    // Writes the vtk files
+    vtmWriter.write( iT );
+    vtmWriterAD.write( iT );
+
+    // GIF Writer
+    SuperEuklidNorm3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR> normVel( velocity );
+    HyperplaneLattice3D<T> gifLattice(
+      superGeometry.getCuboidGeometry(),
+      Hyperplane3D<T>()
+      .centeredIn(superGeometry.getCuboidGeometry().getMotherCuboid())
+      .normalTo({0, -1, 0}),
+      600);
+    BlockReduction3D2D<T> planeReductionVelocity( normVel, gifLattice, BlockDataSyncMode::ReduceOnly );
+    BlockReduction3D2D<T> planeReductionParticles( particles, gifLattice, BlockDataSyncMode::ReduceOnly );
+    // write output as JPEG
+    heatmap::write(planeReductionVelocity, iT);
+    heatmap::write(planeReductionParticles, iT);
+
+    // Writes output on the console
+    timer.update( iT );
+    timer.printStep();
+    sLatticeNS.getStatistics().print( iT, iT * converter.getCharLatticeVelocity() / T(converter.getResolution()) );
+
+    // preparation for flux computations
+    const std::vector<int> materials = { 1, 3, 4, 5 };
+    IndicatorCircle3D<T> inlet( inletCenter + 2. * converter.getConversionFactorLength() * inletNormal,
+                                inletNormal,
+                                inletRadius + 2. * converter.getConversionFactorLength() );
+    IndicatorCircle3D<T> outlet0( outletCenter0 + 2. * converter.getConversionFactorLength() * outletNormal0,
+                                  outletNormal0,
+                                  outletRadius0 + 2. * converter.getConversionFactorLength() );
+    IndicatorCircle3D<T> outlet1( outletCenter1 + 2. * converter.getConversionFactorLength() * outletNormal1,
+                                  outletNormal1,
+                                  outletRadius1 + 2. * converter.getConversionFactorLength() );
+
+    // Flux of the fluid at the inlet and outlet regions
+    SuperPlaneIntegralFluxVelocity3D<T> vFluxInflow( sLatticeNS, converter, superGeometry, inlet, materials );
+    vFluxInflow.print( "inflow", "ml/s" );
+    SuperPlaneIntegralFluxPressure3D<T> pFluxInflow( sLatticeNS, converter, superGeometry, inlet, materials );
+    pFluxInflow.print( "inflow", "N", "Pa" );
+    SuperPlaneIntegralFluxVelocity3D<T> vFluxOutflow0( sLatticeNS, converter, superGeometry, outlet0, materials );
+    vFluxOutflow0.print( "outflow0", "ml/s" );
+    SuperPlaneIntegralFluxPressure3D<T> pFluxOutflow0( sLatticeNS, converter, superGeometry, outlet0, materials );
+    pFluxOutflow0.print( "outflow0", "N", "Pa" );
+    SuperPlaneIntegralFluxVelocity3D<T> vFluxOutflow1( sLatticeNS, converter, superGeometry, outlet1, materials );
+    vFluxOutflow1.print( "outflow1", "ml/s" );
+    SuperPlaneIntegralFluxPressure3D<T> pFluxOutflow1( sLatticeNS, converter, superGeometry, outlet1, materials );
+    pFluxOutflow1.print( "outflow1", "N", "Pa" );
+
+    int input[4] = {0};
+    T mFlux[5] = {0.}, mFlux0[5] = {0.}, mFlux1[5] = {0.};
+    // Flux of particles at the inlet and outlet regions: Inflow, Outflow0 and Outlfow1
+    SuperPlaneIntegralFluxMass3D<T> mFluxInflow(latticeVelocity,particles,
+        superGeometry, converter.getConversionFactorMass(),
+        converter.getConversionFactorTime(), inlet, materials);
+    SuperPlaneIntegralFluxMass3D<T> mFluxOutflow0(latticeVelocity, particles,
+        superGeometry, converter.getConversionFactorMass(),
+        converter.getConversionFactorTime(),outlet0, materials);
+    SuperPlaneIntegralFluxMass3D<T> mFluxOutflow1(latticeVelocity, particles,
+        superGeometry, converter.getConversionFactorMass(),
+        converter.getConversionFactorTime(), outlet1, materials);
+
+    mFluxInflow( mFlux,input );
+    mFluxOutflow0( mFlux0,input );
+    mFluxOutflow1( mFlux1,input );
+
+    // Since more diffusion is added to ensure stability the computed escaperate falls short of the real value,
+    // therefore it is scaled by the factor 1.4 computed by a simulation without drag force. This value is computed
+    // for this specific setup. For further information see R.Trunk, T.Henn, W.Dörfler, H.Nirschl, M.J.Krause,
+    // "Inertial Dilute Particulate Fluid Flow Simulations with an Euler-Euler Lattice Boltzmann Method"
+    T escr = -( mFlux0[0]+mFlux1[0] )/mFlux[0]*1.4;
+    clout << "escapeRate=" << escr << "; captureRate="<< 1-escr << std::endl;
+  }
+}
+
+int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
+{
+
+  // === 1st Step: Initialization ===
+
+  olbInit( &argc, &argv );
+  singleton::directories().setOutputDir( "./tmp/" );
+  OstreamManager clout( std::cout, "main" );
+
+  UnitConverterFromResolutionAndRelaxationTime<T,NSDESCRIPTOR> const converter(
+  int {N},                           // resolution: number of voxels per charPhysL
+  (T)   0.557646,                    // latticeRelaxationTime: relaxation time, have to be greater than 0.5!
+  (T)   inletRadius*2.,              // charPhysLength: reference length of simulation geometry
+  (T)   Re*1.5e-5/( inletRadius*2 ), // charPhysVelocity: maximal/highest expected velocity during simulation in __m / s__
+  (T)   1.5e-5,                      // physViscosity: physical kinematic viscosity in __m^2 / s__
+  (T)   1.225                        // physDensity: physical density in __kg / m^3__
+  );
+  // Prints the converter log as console output
+  converter.print();
+  // Writes the converter log in a file
+  converter.write("bifurcation3d");
+
+  // compute relaxation parameter to solve the advection-diffusion equation in the lattice Boltzmann context
+  T omegaAD = converter.getLatticeRelaxationFrequencyFromDiffusivity<ADDESCRIPTOR>( diffusion );
+
+  // === 2nd Step: Prepare Geometry ===
+
+  STLreader<T> stlReader( "../bifurcation3d.stl",converter.getConversionFactorLength() );
+  IndicatorLayer3D<T> extendedDomain( stlReader,converter.getConversionFactorLength() );
+
+  // Instantiation of an empty cuboidGeometry
+  int noOfCuboids = std::max( 20, singleton::mpi().getSize() );
+  CuboidGeometry3D<T> cuboidGeometry( extendedDomain, converter.getConversionFactorLength(),
+      noOfCuboids, "weight" );
+  cuboidGeometry.printExtended();
+  clout << "min / max ratio (volume) = " << (T) cuboidGeometry.getMinLatticeVolume()
+      / cuboidGeometry.getMaxLatticeVolume() << endl;
+  clout << "min / max ratio (weight) = " << (T) cuboidGeometry.getMinLatticeWeight()
+      / cuboidGeometry.getMaxLatticeWeight() << endl;
+
+  // Instantiation of an empty loadBalancer
+  HeuristicLoadBalancer<T> loadBalancer( cuboidGeometry );
+  // Default instantiation of superGeometry
+  SuperGeometry3D<T> superGeometry( cuboidGeometry, loadBalancer, 2 );
+
+  prepareGeometry( converter, extendedDomain, stlReader, superGeometry );
+
+  // === 3rd Step: Prepare Lattice ===
+  SuperLattice3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR> sLatticeNS( superGeometry );
+  SuperLattice3D<T, ADDESCRIPTOR> sLatticeAD( superGeometry );
+  SuperExternal3D<T, ADDESCRIPTOR, descriptors::VELOCITY> sExternal( superGeometry, sLatticeAD, sLatticeAD.getOverlap() );
+
+  BGKdynamics<T, NSDESCRIPTOR> bulkDynamics( converter.getLatticeRelaxationFrequency(),
+      instances::getBulkMomenta<T, NSDESCRIPTOR>() );
+  ParticleAdvectionDiffusionBGKdynamics<T, ADDESCRIPTOR> bulkDynamicsAD ( omegaAD,
+      instances::getBulkMomenta<T,ADDESCRIPTOR>() );
+
+  sOnLatticeBoundaryCondition3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR> sBoundaryCondition( sLatticeNS );
+  createInterpBoundaryCondition3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR>( sBoundaryCondition );
+
+  sOnLatticeBoundaryCondition3D<T, ADDESCRIPTOR> sBoundaryConditionAD( sLatticeAD );
+  createAdvectionDiffusionBoundaryCondition3D<T,ADDESCRIPTOR>( sBoundaryConditionAD );
+
+  prepareLattice( sLatticeNS, sLatticeAD, converter, bulkDynamics, bulkDynamicsAD,
+      sBoundaryCondition, sBoundaryConditionAD, superGeometry, omegaAD );
+
+  AdvectionDiffusionParticleCouplingGenerator3D<T,NSDESCRIPTOR, ADDESCRIPTOR> coupling(
+    ADDESCRIPTOR::index<descriptors::VELOCITY>() );
+
+  AdvDiffDragForce3D<T, NSDESCRIPTOR, ADDESCRIPTOR> dragForce( converter,radius,partRho );
+  coupling.addForce( dragForce );
+  sLatticeNS.addLatticeCoupling( superGeometry, 1, coupling, sLatticeAD );
+
+  // === 4th Step: Main Loop with Timer ===
+  Timer<double> timer( converter.getLatticeTime( maxPhysT ),
+      superGeometry.getStatistics().getNvoxel() );
+  timer.start();
+
+  for ( int iT = 0; iT <= converter.getLatticeTime( maxPhysT ); ++iT ) {
+    getResults( sLatticeNS, sLatticeAD, converter, iT, superGeometry, timer );
+    setBoundaryValues( sLatticeNS, converter, iT, maxPhysT, superGeometry );
+    sLatticeNS.executeCoupling();
+    sExternal.communicate();
+    sLatticeNS.collideAndStream();
+    sLatticeAD.collideAndStream();
+  }
+  timer.stop();
+  timer.printSummary();
+
+}
diff --git a/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerEuler/definitions.mk b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerEuler/definitions.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ad56e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerEuler/definitions.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#  This file is part of the OpenLB library
+#
+#  Copyright (C) 2007 Mathias Krause
+#  E-mail contact: info@openlb.net
+#  The most recent release of OpenLB can be downloaded at
+#  <http://www.openlb.net/>
+#
+#  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+#  modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+#  of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+#  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+#  GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+#  License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
+#  Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+#  Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+
+
+###########################################################################
+###########################################################################
+## DEFINITIONS TO BE CHANGED
+
+ROOT            := ../../../..
+SRC             := bifurcation3d.cpp
+OUTPUT          := bifurcation3d
diff --git a/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerEuler/module.mk b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerEuler/module.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1190482
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerEuler/module.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#  This file is part of the OpenLB library
+#
+#  Copyright (C) 2017 Markus Mohrhard
+#  E-mail contact: info@openlb.net
+#  The most recent release of OpenLB can be downloaded at
+#  <http://www.openlb.net/>
+#
+#  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+#  modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+#  of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+#  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+#  GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+#  License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
+#  Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+#  Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+
+current_dir := $(dir $(word $(words $(MAKEFILE_LIST)),$(MAKEFILE_LIST)))
+
+include global.mk
+include rules.mk
+include $(addsuffix definitions.mk, $(current_dir))
+
+$(eval $(call sample,$(current_dir)$(OUTPUT),$(addprefix $(current_dir), $(SRC))))
diff --git a/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerLagrange/Makefile b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerLagrange/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a953954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerLagrange/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#  This file is part of the OpenLB library
+#
+#  Copyright (C) 2007 Mathias Krause
+#  E-mail contact: info@openlb.net
+#  The most recent release of OpenLB can be downloaded at
+#  <http://www.openlb.net/>
+#
+#  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+#  modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+#  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+#  of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+#
+#  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+#  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+#  GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+#  License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
+#  Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+#  Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+
+###########################################################################
+## definitions
+
+include definitions.mk
+
+include $(ROOT)/global.mk
+
+OBJECTS    := $(foreach file, $(SRC), $(PWD)/$(file:.cpp=.o))
+DEPS       := $(foreach file, $(SRC), $(PWD)/$(file:.cpp=.d))
+
+###########################################################################
+## all
+
+all : depend compile link
+
+
+###########################################################################
+## dependencies
+
+depend : $(DEPS)
+
+$(PWD)/%.d : %.cpp
+	@echo Create dependencies for $<
+	@$(SHELL) -ec '$(CXX) -M $(CXXFLAGS) $(IDIR) $< \
+                       | sed -e "s!$*\.o!$(PWD)\/$*\.o!1" > .tmpfile; \
+                       cp -f .tmpfile $@;'
+
+###########################################################################
+## compile
+
+compile : $(OBJECTS)
+
+$(PWD)/%.o: %.cpp
+	@echo Compile $<
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(IDIR) -c $< -o $@
+
+###########################################################################
+## clean
+
+clean : cleanrub cleanobj cleandep
+
+cleanrub:
+	@echo Clean rubbish files
+	@rm -f *~ core .tmpfile tmp/*.* $(OUTPUT)
+	@rm -f tmp/vtkData/*.* tmp/vtkData/data/*.* tmp/imageData/*.* tmp/gnuplotData/*.* tmp/gnuplotData/data/*.*
+
+cleanobj:
+	@echo Clean object files
+	@rm -f $(OBJECTS)
+
+cleandep:
+	@echo Clean dependencies files
+	@rm -f $(DEPS)
+
+cleanbuild:
+	@cd $(ROOT); \
+	 $(MAKE) cleanlib;
+
+###########################################################################
+## update lib
+
+$(ROOT)/$(LIBDIR)/lib$(LIB).a :
+	@cd $(ROOT); \
+	$(MAKE) all
+
+###########################################################################
+## link
+
+link: $(OUTPUT)
+
+$(OUTPUT): $(OBJECTS) $(ROOT)/$(LIBDIR)/lib$(LIB).a
+	@echo Link $@
+	$(CXX) $(foreach file, $(SRC), $(file:.cpp=.o)) $(LDFLAGS) -L$(ROOT)/$(LIBDIR) -l$(LIB) -lz -o $@
+
+###########################################################################
+## include dependencies
+
+ifneq "$(strip $(wildcard *.d))" ""
+   include $(foreach file,$(DEPS),$(file))
+endif
+
+###########################################################################
+###########################################################################
diff --git a/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerLagrange/bifurcation3d.cpp b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerLagrange/bifurcation3d.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43cbcb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/examples/particles/bifurcation3d/eulerLagrange/bifurcation3d.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+/*  Lattice Boltzmann sample, written in C++, using the OpenLB
+ *  library
+ *
+ *  Copyright (C) 2011-2016 Thomas Henn, Mathias J. Krause,
+ *  Marie-Luise Maier
+ *  E-mail contact: info@openlb.net
+ *  The most recent release of OpenLB can be downloaded at
+ *  <http://www.openlb.net/>
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ *  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ *  of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
+ *  License along with this program; if not, write to the Free
+ *  Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
+ *  Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+
+/* bifurcation3d.cpp:
+ * This example examines a steady particulate flow past a bifurcation. At the inlet,
+ * an inflow condition with grad_n u = 0 and rho = 1 is implemented.
+ * At both outlets, a Poiseuille profile is imposed on the velocity.
+ * After a start time, particles are put into the bifurcation at the
+ * inlet and experience a stokes drag force.
+ *
+ * A publication using the same geometry can be found here:
+ * http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-36961-2_5
+ *  *
+ */
+
+#include "olb3D.h"
+#ifndef OLB_PRECOMPILED // Unless precompiled version is used,
+#include "olb3D.hh"   // include full template code;
+#endif
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace olb;
+using namespace olb::descriptors;
+using namespace olb::graphics;
+using namespace olb::util;
+
+typedef double T;
+#define DESCRIPTOR D3Q19<>
+#define PARTICLE Particle3D
+
+#ifndef M_PI
+#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846
+#endif
+
+const T Re = 50;                   // Reynolds number
+const int N = 19;                   // resolution of the model
+const T radius = 1.5e-4;           // particles radius
+const T partRho = 998.2;           //particles density
+
+const T fluidMaxPhysT = T( 5 );    // max. fluid simulation time in s, SI unit
+const T particleMaxPhysT = T( 10 ); // max. particle simulation time in s, SI unit
+
+const int noOfParticles = 1000;    // total number of inserted particles
+
+// center of inflow and outflow regions [m]
+Vector<T, 3> inletCenter( T(), T(), 0.0786395 );
+Vector<T, 3> outletCenter0( -0.0235929682287551, -0.000052820468762797,
+                            -0.021445708949909 );
+Vector<T, 3> outletCenter1( 0.0233643529416147, 0.00000212439067050152,
+                            -0.0211994104877918 );
+
+// radii of inflow and outflow regions [m]
+T inletRadius = 0.00999839;
+T outletRadius0 = 0.007927;
+T outletRadius1 = 0.00787134;
+
+// normals of inflow and outflow regions
+Vector<T, 3> inletNormal( T(), T(), T( -1 ) );
+Vector<T, 3> outletNormal0( 0.505126, -0.04177, 0.862034 );
+Vector<T, 3> outletNormal1( -0.483331, -0.0102764, 0.875377 );
+
+void prepareGeometry( UnitConverter<T,DESCRIPTOR> const& converter,
+                      IndicatorF3D<T>& indicator, STLreader<T>& stlReader,
+                      SuperGeometry3D<T>& superGeometry )
+{
+
+  OstreamManager clout( std::cout, "prepareGeometry" );
+
+  clout << "Prepare Geometry ..." << std::endl;
+
+  superGeometry.rename( 0, 2, indicator );
+  superGeometry.rename( 2, 1, stlReader );
+
+  superGeometry.clean();
+
+  // rename the material at the inlet
+  IndicatorCircle3D<T> inletCircle( inletCenter, inletNormal,
+