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diff --git a/content/graph_theory.tex b/content/graph_theory.tex index 569bbd2..7349666 100644 --- a/content/graph_theory.tex +++ b/content/graph_theory.tex @@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ $\Delta(G)$ is the maximum degree in $G$. $G$ is $k$-regular $\iff \forall v \in V(G) : d(v) = k$ +\subsection*{Induced Subgraphs} + +Subgraph $H \subset G$ is \emph{induced} if: + +$\forall u, v \in V(H) : uv \in E(H) \iff uv \in E(G)$ + +i.e. every induced subgraph may be generated by deleting vertices and their incident edges from $G$. + \subsection*{Handshake Lemma} $$2|E| = \sum_{v \in V} d(v)$$ @@ -145,14 +153,46 @@ For graph $G$ the following is equivalent: \item $K_5$, $K_{3,3}$ aren't topological minors of $G$ \end{enumerate} + \section*{Colorings} +\vspace*{-4mm} +\begin{align*} +\chi(G) :&= \min_{k \in \N} : G \text{ has proper $k$-vertex coloring} \\ +\chi'(G) :&= \min_{k \in \N} : G \text{ has proper $k$-edge coloring} +\end{align*} + +$k$-regular bipartite $G$ has proper $k$-edge-coloring. + +\subsection*{Cliques} + +A \emph{clique} is a subgraph of $G$ that is a complete graph. +The \emph{clique number} $\omega(G)$ is the maximum order of a clique in $G$. + +\spacing + +$G$ is \emph{perfect} if $\forall$ induced $H \subseteq G : \chi(H) = \omega(H)$. + +Bipartite graphs are perfect with $\chi = \omega = 2$. + \subsection*{$5$-Color Theorem} Every planar graph is $5$-colorable. \subsection*{List coloring} +$\forall v \in V(G)$ let $L(v) \subseteq \N$ be a list of colors. + +$G$ is \emph{$L$-list-colorable} if $\exists$ a proper coloring $c$ s.t. $\forall v \in V(G) : c(v) \in L(v)$. + +\spacing + +$G$ is \emph{$k$-list-colorable} or \emph{$k$-choosable} if it is $L$-list-colorable for all lists of $k$ colors. + +\subsubsection*{Choosability} + +\emph{Choosability} $ch(G) := \min_{k\in\N}\{ G$ is $k$-choosable$\}$ + \subsubsection*{Thomassen's $5$-List-Color Theorem} Every planar graph is $5$-choosable. |